In the care of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), some ethical difficulties stem from the challenges of accurate diagnosis and the uncertainty of prognosis. Current neuroimaging research on these disorders could eventually improve the accuracy of diagnoses and prognoses and therefore change the context of end-of-life decision making. However, the perspective of healthcare professionals on these disorders remains poorly understood and may constitute an obstacle to the integration of research. We conducted a qualitative study involving healthcare professionals from an (...) acute care university medical center. A short questionnaire captured demographic data as well as the experience of participants with DOC patients. A semi-structured interview was used to explore attitudes toward ethical issues identified in a previous literature review. Qualitative content analysis of interviews was conducted with the NVivo software. Accurate diagnosis among DOC is often regarded as a challenge, but this was generally not the case for our participants because most reported high confidence in DOC diagnoses. However, participants reported struggling with prognosis, especially because of its essential role for end-of-life decision making and communication with families. Variability of opinion between healthcare professionals was reported and identified by some as a minor issue while others stressed how families struggle with different medical opinions. End-of-life decision making encompassed a large proportion of ethical challenges in these patients, and the removal of artificial nutrition and hydration created significant discomfort in a minority of participants. The concept of futility was subject to wide-ranging understandings with both favorable and unfavorable opinions. Our data suggest that to ensure the incorporation of new evidence-based advances, attention should be directed to the real-world practices and challenges of accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Given pervasive challenges in end-of-life care, we recommend improved training of healthcare professionals in the care of patients with DOC, particularly in end-of life care, understanding the context of decision making, and determining how to optimally integrate new neuroscience research on the care of patients with DOC. (shrink)

Chervenak and McCullough, authors of the most acknowledged ethical framework for maternal–fetal surgery, rely on the ‘ethical–obstetrical’ concept of the fetus as a patient in order to determine what is morally owed to fetuses by both physicians and the women who gestate them in the context of prenatal surgery. In this article, we reconstruct the argumentative structure of their framework and present an internal criticism. First, we analyse the justificatory arguments put forward by the authors regarding the moral status of (...) the fetus qua patient. Second, we discuss the internal coherence and consistency of the moral obligations those authors derive from that concept. We claim that some of the dilemmas their approach is purported to avoid, such as the debate about the independent moral status of the fetus, and the foundation of the moral obligations of pregnant women (towards the fetuses they gestate) are not, all things considered, avoided. Chervenak and McCullough construct the obligations of physicians as obligations towards entities with equal moral status. But, at the same time, they assume that the woman has an independent moral status while the moral status of the fetus is dependent on the decision of the woman to present it to a physician for care. According to the logic of their own argumentation, Chervenak and McCullough implicitly admit a different moral status of the woman and the fetus, which will lead to different ascription of duties of the physician than those they ascribed. (shrink)

This article focuses on maternal-fetal surgery (MFS) and on the concept of clinical equipoise that is a widely accepted requirement for conducting randomized controlled trials (RCT). There are at least three reasons why equipoise is unsuitable for MFS. First, the concept is based on a misconception about the nature of clinical research and the status of research subjects. Second, given that it is not clear who the research subject/s in MFS is/are, if clinical equipoise is to be used as a (...) criterion to test the ethical appropriateness of RCT, its meaning should be unambiguous. Third, because of the multidisciplinary character of MFS, it is not clear who should be in equipoise. As a result, we lack an adequate criterion for the ethical review of MFS protocols. In our account, which is based on Chervenak and McCullough's seminal work in the field of obstetric ethics, equipoise is abandoned. and RCT involving MFS can be ethically initiated when a multidisciplinary ethics review board (ERB), having an evidence-based assessment of the risks involved, is convinced that the value of answering the research hypothesis, for the sake of the health interests of future pregnant women carrying fetuses with certain congenital birth defects, justifies the actual risks research participants might suffer within a set limit of low/manageable. (shrink)

Disorders of consciousness (DOC) are a family of related neurological syndromes characterized by deficits of varying degrees of wakefulness (e.g., sleep–wake cycles and arousal) or awareness (e.g., reacting to stimuli, interacting with the environment). Although coma rarely persists for more than a few weeks, some patients remain in a subsequent vegetative state or a minimally conscious state for months or years. Caring for patients with DOC raises ethical questions, but the perspectives of healthcare providers on these questions remain poorly documented. (...) We conducted a qualitative study involving healthcare providers with different backgrounds. Semistructured interviews were used to explore attitudes toward ethical issues. We found that contextual (e.g., time, resource allocation) and relational aspects (e.g., communication process, families) shaped how ethical challenges surfaced and were managed. We call for greater awareness of contextual, institutional and social aspects and focus on these issues in training programs. (shrink)

Background and ObjectivesUp to 10% of fathers experience perinatal depression, often accompanied by anxiety, with a detrimental impact on the emotional and behavioural development of infants. Yet, few evidence-based interventions specifically for paternal perinatal depression or anxiety exist, and few depressed or anxious fathers engage with support. This mini-review aims to build on the evidence base set by other recent systematic reviews by synthesising more recently available studies on interventions for paternal perinatal depression and anxiety. Secondarily, we also aimed to (...) identify useful information on key implementation strategies, if any, that increase the engagement of men.MethodsWe drew upon three major previous systematic reviews and performed an updated search of PubMed/Medline; Psycinfo; Cochrane Database; Embase and Cinahl. The search was limited to trials, feasibility studies or pilot studies of interventions published between 2015 and 2020 that reported on fathers' perinatal mental health. We included psychological, educational, psychosocial, paternal, couple-focused, or group therapies, delivered face-to-face, via telephone and/or online that reported on either paternal depression, anxiety or both.ResultsEleven studies satisfied search criteria. The majority were randomised controlled trials. Most interventions incorporated counselling, therapy or psychoeducation and took an indirect approach to perinatal mental health through antenatal or postnatal education and were couple-focused. No studies reported a presence of diagnosed depression or anxiety at baseline, although five studies reported a positive effect on sub-threshold symptoms.DiscussionThere was some evidence that these approaches may be useful in the initial engagement of fathers with perinatal supports and improve depression and anxiety scores. No studies targeted the explicit treatment of clinically depressed or anxious men, and this remains the most substantial gap in the peer-reviewed evidence base. Our results highlight the need to deliver perinatal interventions specifically designed for men and evaluate them in populations with clinical levels of depressive and anxious symptomatology. (shrink)

This provocative book paved the way for nursing research informed by f eminist scholarship, critical theory, and post-modern thought. Controv ersial then, relevant today.

Peace is a hallmark of human societies. However, certain ant species engage in long-term intergroup resource sharing, which is remarkably similar to peace among human groups. We discuss how individual and group payoff distributions are affected by kinship, dispersal, and age structure; the challenges of diagnosing peace; and the benefits of comparing convergent complex behaviours in disparate taxa.

Live donor kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for most patients with late-stage chronic kidney disease; however, the rate of living kidney donation has declined in the United States. A consensus conference was held June 5-6, 2014 to identify best practices and knowledge gaps pertaining to live donor kidney transplantation and living kidney donation. Transplant professionals, patients, and other key stakeholders discussed processes for educating transplant candidates and potential living donors about living kidney donation; efficiencies in the living donor (...) evaluation process; disparities in living donation; and financial and systemic barriers to living donation. We summarize the consensus recommendations for best practices in these educational and clinical domains, future research priorities, and possible public policy initiatives to remove barriers to living kidney donation. (shrink)

Ce travail s’insère dans un projet intitulé « Le discours aux frontières du social », qui vise à analyser, dans des films documentaires, l’entrecroisement des différents matériaux en jeu dans ces productions. Pour comprendre comment se formule la critique sociale, j’ai choisi d’analyser deux documentaires ayant pour thème des conflits sociaux : Tereza (« Thérèse », qui met en scène la vie des détenus dans une prison de Campinas) et Boca de Lixo (« Décharge publique », qui présente la vie (...) de personnes qui habitent et travaillent dans les dépôts d’ordures). (shrink)

Antero, contrariamente a Schelling, não aceita a identificação do Absoluto ideal com o Absoluto real. Segundo ele, o Absoluto e a Realidade constituem uma antinomia radical, dado que "a razão não tem de si mesma ... conhecimento total e infalível". O Absoluto de Antero é ideal, o ideal que atrai a força dinâmica em sua trajectória no sentido da auto-realização, reconhecendo-se como Absoluto, independente do mundo fenoménico, só quando tiver atingido a mais alta consciência-de-si. O pensamento filosófico de Antero, expresso (...) sumariamente nas Tendências Gerais da Filosofia teve grande proeminência na formação da corrente de pensamento que constituiu a filosofia portuguesa no século XX. /// Antero, autrement que Schelling, n'accepte pas l'identification de l'Absolu idéal avec l'Absolu réel. À son avis, l'Absolu et la Réalité constituent un'antinomie radicale parce que "la raison n'a pas de soi même la connaissance totale et infaillible". L'Absolu d'Antero est idéal, l'idéal qui attire la force dynamique en sa trajectoire, dans le sens d'auto-réalisation, en se reconnaissant comme Absolu, indépendant du monde phénoménique seulement après avoir la plus grande connaissance-de-soi. La pensée philosophique d'Antero, exprès, en abrégé, en Tendências Gérais da Filosofia a eu une énorme proéminence dans la formation de la pensée qui a constituée la Philosophie Portugaise au XX.e siècle. /// Unlike Schelling,Antero does not identify the ideal Absolute with the real Absolute. In his views, the relation between Reality and the Absolute is of a radical antinomy since "reason has of itself... no total and infalible knowledge". Antero's Absolute is ideal, the ideal that attracts the dynamic force in its trajectory towards sel-realization, and that recognizes itself as Absolute, that is, independent of the phenomenic world, only when it has achieved its highest self-awareness. Antero's philosophical views, briefly stated in the Tendêncies Gerais da Filosofia, had a strong influence upon the formation of the intelectual movement of the Portuguese philosophy in the twentieth century. (shrink)

ObjectiveThe presence of two or more chronic diseases results in worse clinical outcomes than expected by a simple combination of diseases. This synergistic effect is expected to be higher when combined with some conditions, depending on the number and severity of diseases. Multimorbidity is a relatively new term, with the first fundamental definitions appearing in 2015. Studies usually define it as the presence of at least two chronic medical illnesses. However, little is known regarding the relationship between mental disorders and (...) other non-psychiatric chronic diseases. This review aims at investigating the association between some mental disorders and non-psychiatric diseases, and their pattern of association.MethodsWe performed a systematic approach to selecting papers that studied relationships between chronic conditions that included one mental disorder from 2015 to 2021. These were processed using Covidence, including quality assessment.ResultsThis resulted in the inclusion of 26 papers in this study. It was found that there are strong associations between depression, psychosis, and multimorbidity, but recent studies that evaluated patterns of association of diseases had heterogeneous results. Quality assessment of the papers generally revealed low quality among the included studies.ConclusionsThere is evidence of an association between depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychosis with multimorbidity. Studies that tried to examine the patterns of association between diseases did not find stable results.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021216101, identifier: CRD42021216101. (shrink)

Na Co nd i ç ã o Huma na, publ i c a do e m1958, Hannah Arendt estabeleceu umadistinção importante entre a “condiçãohumana” e a “nat ur eza humana”. Apar t i r des t e anal i s e f enomenol ógi co,Arendt tentou circunscrever os limitesda “natureza humana”, e responder aosteóricos positivistas que consideravampossível conhecer o quid da naturezabiológica humana. Para Arendt, a açãohumana, a diferença dos eventos ocorrena natureza, consiste numa característicamui t o es peci f (...) i ca a l i ber dade. Comoresultado dele; uma correta compreensãodo fenômeno da condição humana, nãopode ser esgotada por apelar só à dimensãobiológica, devido a que, a ação humananão pode ser exatamente explicada pelasforças que atuam no exterior, o analisedo naturismo é insuficiente. E não podeesgot ar o pr obl ema do f enômeno daliberdade humana.Por sua parte, porém Hans Jonas, nãodes envol veu ampl ament e es t e t ema,inclui em O Principio de Responsabilidade,nos capí t ul os ci nco e sei s, uma duracritica ao projeto marxista que apela aoconceito desenvolvido por Arendt, de homolaborens, o qual é uma das manifestaçõesda “condição humana”.In The Human Condi ti on, published in1958, Hannah Arendt makes an importantdistinction between the “human condition”and t he “human nat ure”. Out of t hi sphenomenological analysis, Arendt triedto circumscribe the limits of the “humannat ur e” and t o r es pond t o pos i t i vi s ttheoreticians who considered possible toknow the essence of the biological humannature. For Arendt, human action, unlikethe events that occur in nature, consists ofa characteristic very specific of freedom.As a result, a correct understanding ofthe phenomenon of human condi ti onis not possible through the biologicaldimension, since human action cannot beproperly explained by the forces that actin the external world. This shows that thenaturalistic analysis is insufficient andcannot deal properly with the phenomenonof human freedom.On the other hand, though Hans Jonas didnot treat completely this problem in his ThePrinciple of Responsibility, he offers a hardcriticism of the Marxist project inspiredin Arendt’s notions, targeting the notion of homo laborens,as one of the manifestations of the “humancondition”. (shrink)

This paper introduces the logic _Q__L__E__T_ _F_, a quantified extension of the logic of evidence and truth _L__E__T_ _F_, together with a corresponding sound and complete first-order non-deterministic valuation semantics. _L__E__T_ _F_ is a paraconsistent and paracomplete sentential logic that extends the logic of first-degree entailment (_FDE_) with a classicality operator ∘ and a non-classicality operator ∙, dual to each other: while ∘_A_ entails that _A_ behaves classically, ∙_A_ follows from _A_’s violating some classically valid inferences. The semantics of _Q__L__E__T_ (...) _F_ combines structures that interpret negated predicates in terms of anti-extensions with first-order non-deterministic valuations, and completeness is obtained through a generalization of Henkin’s method. By providing sound and complete semantics for first-order extensions of _FDE_, _K3_, and _LP_, we show how these tools, which we call here the method of _anti-extensions + valuations_, can be naturally applied to a number of non-classical logics. (shrink)

This piece replies to a recently published article in the European Journal for Philosophy of Religion by J. L. Schellenberg and Paul Draper. They contend that the field of African philosophy of religion needs renewal, and they make several recommendations on how to achieve this. I agree with their recommendations, but I argue they have omitted a crucial problem and solution to renew the field; namely, a fundamental problem of the field is that it systemically excludes non-Western philosophies and scholars (...) and, therefore, the field needs to be decolonised. (shrink)

Astroturf organizations are fake grassroots organizations usually sponsored by large corporations to support any arguments or claims in their favor, or to challenge and deny those against them. They constitute the corporate version of grassroots social movements. Serious ethical and societal concerns underline this astroturfing practice, especially if corporations are successful in influencing public opinion by undertaking a social movement approach. This study is motivated by this particular issue and examines the effectiveness of astroturf organizations in the global warming context, (...) wherein large corporate polluters have an incentive to set up astroturf organizations to undermine the importance of human activities in climate change. We conduct an experiment to determine whether astroturf organizations have an impact on the level of user certainty about the causes of global warming. Results show that people who used astroturf websites became more uncertain about the causes of global warming and humans’ role in the phenomenon than people who used grassroots websites. Astroturf organizations are hence successful in promoting business interests over environmental protection. In addition to the multiple business ethics issues it raises, astroturfing poses a significant threat to the legitimacy of the grassroots movement. (shrink)

This study aims at providing a global explanation of the good life or happiness according to Aristotle. By applying the method used in ethics by Aristotle, the specific content of happiness is determined, of which meditation is the essence, together with the practice of moral virtues. The article rests on a relatively new perspective, neither ‘exclusive’ nor ‘inclusive’, considering the results of each type of traditional interpretation, and shedding light upon the richness of all happiness’ dimensions.

Objetiva-se, no presente artigo, apresentar um percurso em alguns textos e obras de Sartre que antecedem à ontologia de 1943, L’être et le néant, que indica elementos de um pensamento realista, isto é, que mantém algum estatuto irredutível no mundo. Para isso, valemo-nos de textos como a dissertação sartriana, de 1927, sobre a imagem para a obtenção do Diplôme d’Études Supérieures, tal como o breve ensaio sobre a intencionalidade de Husserl, publicado em 1933. Em relação às obras, utiliza-se La transcendance (...) de l’Ego, L’imagination e L’imaginaire, no intuito enfatizar os elementos que envolvem a ambiguidade da noção de consciência perceptiva, a qual envolve a atividade e espontaneidade referente à consciência, além de relacionar a passividade e receptividade inerentes à percepção. Visto isso, pode-se concluir que no empreendimento de Sartre em superar o idealismo e realismo tradicionais, mesmo o autor radicalizando a teoria de Husserl, ele indica um “novo realismo” que, de certo modo, está relacionado às ambiguidades da consciência perceptiva. (shrink)

L’objectif principal de cet article est d’initier la réflexion à propos du rôle que joue l’animal dans l’éthique aristotélicienne. La plupart des études consacrées à ce sujet expliquent comment l’animal est exclu de la morale, ou encore traitent du travers qu’Aristote nomme «bestialité». Ces perspectives, toutefois, sont réductrices dans la mesure où l’animal apparaît dans les Éthiques autrement que pour servir de repoussoir. Nous nous proposons donc d’éclairer les raisons pour lesquelles le Stagirite fait intervenir l’animal dans ses traités de (...) morale en déterminant les fonctions qu’il remplit. Les textes considérés à cette fin sont les exposés nicomachéen et eudémien concernant les vertus morales de courage et de tempérance, lesquels, de l’avis général, sont particulièrement intéressés au règne animal. L’étude prendra la forme d’un bestiaire, où chaque notice détaillera le contexte d’introduction de l’animal en question, la fonction qu’il vise ainsi que les enjeux que sa présence soulève. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta a liberdade e seu paradoxo como tema central no romance filosófico L'Ingénu de Voltaire. A hipótese central é a passagem da liberdade in natura ou em si para a liberdade mediada ou para-si no interior da obra. Esta passagem tem na figura de Eros e na formação humanista do Ingênuo na Bastilha seu fundamento e seu paradoxo. Eros apenas encaminha essa passagem, sendo a cultura, a filosofia e as artes, as que marcam a liberdade mediada no Ingênuo, (...) pois a liberdade mediada só é possível após o conhecimento refletido, visto que ela se encontra em pacto com a universalidade racional. (shrink)

ABSTRACTGround breaking in many ways, Richard Bodéüs’ influential book, Le philosophe et la cité, published in 1982, offers a reinterpretation of the complex notion of phrónēsis. In the same line of inquiry, this article analyzes one of the more modest forms of phrónēsis, namely economy, more specifically the part of economy that involves the relationship with unfree people. The Aristotelian views on the master-slave relationship are put into perspective in light of Bodéüs’ observations on command. This approach leads to pointing (...) out the full meaning of the concept of servility, which is deeper than is generally recognized, allowing readers to grasp how “in many respects human nature is servile,” according to the Metaphysics. (shrink)

Cette étude se propose d’éclairer le sens des formules concernant les états extrêmes que comporte la théorie aristotélicienne de la vertu morale exposée au deuxième livre de chaque Éthique ; les états moraux particuliers associés au courage servent à illustrer la structure générale de la notion d’extrême. L’examen porte d’abord sur les vices de lâcheté et de témérité, pour ensuite se tourner vers les états limites (l’absence de crainte, la crainte maladive ou bestiale, l’héroïsme) et enfin vers les états mixtes (...) de mollesse et de fermeté. La taxonomie ainsi précisée est conceptualisée par un schéma traduisant les rapports entre les différents états. (shrink)

Cette étude analyse les rapports des éthiques aristotéliciennes et du Lachès eu égard à la notion de courage, plus particulièrement les thèmes qui se recoupent dans les trois ouvrages. La première partie montre comment la restriction que propose le Stagirite du contexte du courage au sens fondamental du terme s’inspire, malgré les apparences, de ce que proposent Lachès et Socrate dans le cadre de la première définition du courage donnée dans le dialogue. La deuxième partie examine le rôle et le (...) statut de l’expertise; elle explique comment Aristote, faisant de cette attitude un faux courage, s’appuie sur trois considérations présentées dans le Lachès . La troisième partie concerne l’exclusion des bêtes du domaine du courage, et explore la relation entre les distinctions linguistiques offertes par Nicias et celles qu’établit Aristote dans les éthiques. La dernière section commente les différences entre vertu, vice et non-vertu dans les éthiques. (shrink)

Cette étude porte sur la notion aristotélicienne de vertu morale dans son sens strict, c’est‑à‑dire entendue comme médiété fixée relativement à nous. L’analyse et la critique des interprétations dites « quantitatives » d’une part, « relativistes » d’autre part, résultent en une clarification de la définition donnée par les Éthiques (cf. 1106b36‑1107a6 et 1227b8-9).

A stultitia na contemporaneidade e a importância da leitura e da escrita em escolas e universidades Resumo: Este artigo é um ensaio teórico que parte de investigações da antiguidade greco-romana por Foucault, principalmente de seus estudos sobre Sêneca, para recuperar o conceito de stultitia e com ele pensarmos o nosso tempo. A partir do diagnóstico de um presente da superaceleração e do superdesempenho, em que se compete consigo mesmo e a atenção está dispersa, a passividade está em justamente não conseguirmos (...) parar para olhar para nós mesmos e para os demais. Para essa agitação contemporânea, afirmamos a importância de escolas e universidades, bem como da figura do mestre, que, por meio da leitura e da escrita, poderá convidar o outro a cuidar de si mesmo e dos demais. Palavras-chave: Stultitia; Educação; Cuidado de si; Leitura; Escrita. Stultitia in contemporaneity and the importance of reading and writing in schools and universities Abstract: This paper is a theoretical essay grounded on Foucault’s investigations of Greek-Roman Antiquity, particularly his studies on Seneca, in order to recover the concept of stultitia and use it to think about our times. From the diagnosis of a present of super-acceleration and super-performance, in which one competes with oneself and attention is dispersed, passivity is precisely in not being possible to stop and look at the others and ourselves. For this contemporary unrest, we point out the importance of schools and universities, as well as the figure of the master, who, by means of reading and writing, may invite the other to look after the others and oneself. Key-words: Stultitia; Education; Care of the self; Reading; Writing. La stultitia à l´époque contemporaine et l´importance de la lecture et de l´écriture dans les écoles et les universités Résumé: Cet article est un essai théorique qui part des investigations de l'antiquité gréco-romaine de Foucault, principalement de ses études sur Sêneca, pour récupérer le concept de stultitia pour penser à notre époque. Du diagnostic d'un présent de super accélération, de super performance, dans lequel on est en compétition avec soi-même, dans lequel l'attention est dispersée, la passivité est simplement de ne pas pouvoir s'arrêter pour se regarder et se regarder les autres. Pour cette agitation contemporaine, nous affirmons l'importance des écoles et des universités et la figure du maître qui, par la lecture et l'écriture, peut inviter l'autre à souci de lui-même et des autres. Mots-clés: Stultitia; Éducation; Souci de soi; Lecture; L'écriture. Data de registro: 21/07/2021 Data de aceite: 20/10/2021. (shrink)

Das Crises às possibilidades da Educação Superior no Brasil: uma leitura a partir de Hannah Arendt Resumo: O texto procura entender os pressupostos da educação superior no Brasil e faz considerações sobre seus limites e potencialidades à luz de Hannah Arendt. Segundo Hannah Arendt, a crise da educação remete-se a uma crise de estabilidade de todas as instituições políticas e sociais. E para o enfrentamento dessa crise, Hannah Arendt sugere reconsiderar a crise da modernidade para se repensar criticamente o papel (...) da educação no mundo contemporâneo. De fato, sua reflexão assevera que a educação está entre as atividades mais elementares e necessárias da sociedade humana, e, por isso, tem de ser continuamente repensada em função das transformações do mundo no qual nascem novos seres humanos. Hannah Arendt, questiona e faz pensar como que a crise da e na educação impede todo desenvolvimento de tarefas e dinâmicas que ajudem, especialmente aos estudantes (em qualquer área de conhecimento) a possuírem e produzirem um conhecimento que leve a um enfrentamento de situações críticas do quotidiano. Palavras-Chave: Hannah Arendt; Educação Superior; Crise na Educação; Cidadania; Direito Educacional. From Crises to Possibilities of Higher Education in Brazil: a Reading Based on Hannah Arendt Abstract: The text aims to understand assumptions of higher education in Brazil and makes considerations about limits and potentialities concerning those assumptions in the light of Hannah Arendt. According to Hannah Arendt, the crisis in education refers to a crisis of stability of all political and social institutions. And to envisage this crisis, Hannah Arendt suggests reconsidering the crisis of modernity to critically rethink the role of education in the contemporary world. In fact, her reflection asserts that education is among the most fundamental and necessary activities of human society, and, therefore, it must be continually rethought considering transformations in the world in which new human beings are born. Hannah Arendt, questions and makes us think about how the crisis of and in education prevents any development of tasks and dynamics that help, especially for students (in any area of knowledge) to possess and produce knowledge that leads to facing critical situations in the everyday. Keywords: Hannah Arendt; Higher Education; Crisis on Education; Citizenship; Educational Law. Des crises aux possibilités d e l’enseignement supérieur au Brésil : une lecture chez Hannah Arendt Résumé: Le texte a le but de comprendre les présupposés de l'enseignement supérieur au Brésil et fait des considérations sur ses limites et ses potentialités à la lumière d'Hannah Arendt. Selon Hannah Arendt, la crise de l'éducation renvoie à une crise de stabilité de toutes les institutions politiques et sociales. Et pour faire face à cette crise, Hannah Arendt propose de reconsidérer la crise de la modernité afin de repenser de manière critique le rôle de l'éducation dans le monde contemporain. En effet, sa réflexion affirme que l'éducation fait partie des activités les plus élémentaires et les plus nécessaires de la société humaine et qu'elle doit, donc, être continuellement repensée à la lumière des transformations du monde dans lesquelles de nouveaux êtres humains voient le jour. Hannah Arendt, interroge et fait réfléchir sur la façon dont la crise de et dans l'éducation empêche tout développement de tâches et de dynamiques qui aident, en particulier pour les étudiants (dans n'importe quel domaine de la connaissance) à posséder et produire des connaissances qui conduisent à faire face à des situations critiques dans le quotidien. Mots-Clés : Hannah Arendt; Enseignement supérieur; crise de l'éducation; citoyenneté; droit éducatif. Data de registro: 23/12/2021 Data de aceite: 15/03/2022. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta como questão norteadora: Qual a base de conhecimentos para a formação de professores de Educação Física? O objetivo visa analisar que conhecimentos são reconhecidos como importantes para a formação de professores de Educação Física, sob a perspectiva dos professores envolvidosno currículo. Foram entrevistados 11 professores de diferentes disciplinas e de diferentes centros de estudos da instituição que atuaram na primeira série do curso . Os resultados demonstram ênfase nos conhecimentos de conteúdo específico como necessários para a formação (...) do professor de Educação Física, além de carência teórica sobre o que vem a ser essa base de conhecimentos para o ensino. L'article présente comme question principale: Lequel la base de connaissances pour la formation d'enseignants d'Éducation Physique? L'objectif vise à analyser que des connaissances sont reconnues comme importants pour la formation d'enseignants d'Éducation Physique, sous la perspective des enseignants impliqués dans le curriculum . Ont été interviewés 11 enseignants de différentes disciplines et de différents centres d'études de l'institution qui ont agi dans première série du cours . Les résultats démontrent accent dans les connaissances de contenu spécifique comme nécessaires pour la formation de l'enseignant d'Éducation Physique, outre manque théorique sur lequel vient à être cette base de connaissances pour l'enseignement. (shrink)

In this paper, I argue by example for the possibility of genuine dilemmas internal to Christian ethics. My example is the life of Sebastian Rodrigues, who is the protagonist of Shusaku Endo's moving novel "Silence". The first part of the paper is devoted to retelling Endo's story, highlighting salient ethical and religious features of the life of Rodrigues. The latter half of the paper argues for an interpretation of the story according to which Rodrigues confronts a real (...) conflict between the obligation to love God with total devotion and the obligation to love one's neighbor as oneself. I conclude with the suggestion that the outcome of this conflict is not ultimately tragic because it serves providentially to move Rodrigues closer to Christ in suffering love. (shrink)

L’idéal éthique et son revers selon Aristote est un titre volontairement oxymorique dont Louise Rodrigue (L. R.) se justifie d’emblée (p. 1). Il s’agit par là de considérer l’originalité de l’éthique d’Aristote, tant d’un point de vue interne à sa propre pensée que d’un point de vue externe, celui du courant philosophique auquel elle est maintenant associée. Originalité revendiquée, donc, mais également appuyée sur des usages antérieurs du terme d’idéal à propos de l’éthique aristotélicienne...